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tail.1
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TAIL(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES TAIL(1L)
NAME
tail - output the last part of files
SYNOPSIS
tail [-c [+]N[bkm]] [-n [+]N] [-fqv] [--bytes=[+]N[bkm]]
[--lines=[+]N] [--follow] [--quiet] [--silent] [--verbose]
[file...]
tail [{-,+}Nbcfklmqv] [file...]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of tail. tail
prints the last part (10 lines by default) of each given
file; it reads from standard input if no files are given or
when a filename of `-' is encountered. If more than one
file is given, it prints a header consisting of the file's
name enclosed in `==>' and `<==' before the output for each
file.
The GNU tail can output any amount of data, unlike the Unix
version, which uses a fixed size buffer. It has no -_r
option (print in reverse). Reversing a file is really a
different job from printing the end of a file; the BSD tail
can only reverse files that are at most as large as its
buffer, which is typically 32k. A reliable and more versa-
tile way to reverse files is the GNU tac command.
OPTIONS
tail accepts two option formats: the new one, in which
numbers are arguments to the option letters, and the old
one, in which a `+' or `-' and optional number precede any
option letters.
If a number (`N') starts with a `+', tail begins printing
with the Nth item from the start of each file, instead of
from the end.
-_c _N, --_b_y_t_e_s _N
Tail by N bytes. N is a nonzero integer, optionally
followed by one of the following characters to specify
a different unit.
b 512-byte blocks.
k 1-kilobyte blocks.
m 1-megabyte blocks.
-_f, --_f_o_l_l_o_w
Loop forever trying to read more characters at the end
of the file, on the assumption that the file is grow-
ing. Ignored if reading from a pipe. Cannot be used
Sun Release 4.1 Last change: 1
TAIL(1L) MISC. REFERENCE MANUAL PAGES TAIL(1L)
if more than one file is given.
-_l, -_n _N, --_l_i_n_e_s _N
Tail by N lines.
-_q, --_q_u_i_e_t, --_s_i_l_e_n_t
Never print filename headers.
-_v, --_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
Always print filename headers.
The long-named options can be introduced with `+' as well as
`--', for compatibility with previous releases. Eventually
support for `+' will be removed, because it is incompatible
with the POSIX.2 standard.
Sun Release 4.1 Last change: 2